Nanotechnology

   The current trend toward miniaturization has shown that the substance may have completely new properties, if we take a very small particle of this substance. Particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, commonly referred to as "nanoparticles". For example, it was found that nanoparticles of some materials have very good catalytic and adsorptive properties. Other materials show remarkable optical properties, such as ultra-thin films of organic materials used to produce solar cells. The batteries, though, and have relatively low quantum efficiency, but are cheaper and can be mechanically flexible. Elusive interaction of engineered nanoparticles in natural nanoscale objects - proteins, nucleic acids, etc. Carefully purified nanoparticles can samovystraivatsya in certain structures. This structure contains a strictly ordered nanoparticles and also often exhibits unusual properties.

   Nanostructure divided into 3 main classes: three-dimensional particle obtained by explosion of conductors, plasma synthesis, the restoration of thin films, etc.; two-dimensional objects - a film produced by the method of atomic layer deposition, CVD, ALD, by ion layering, etc.; dimensional facility - whiskers, these objects are obtained by atomic layer deposition, the introduction of substances into the cylindrical micropores, etc. Also, there nanocomposites - materials obtained by introducing nanoparticles into any of the matrix. Currently, extensive use was only a method of microlithography, which yields the surface matrix flat islet objects ranging in size from 50 nm, it is used in electronics, CVD and ALD method is mainly used to create micron films. Other methods are mainly used for scientific purposes. In particular, it should be noted methods of ion and atomic layer deposition, because with their help you can create real monolayers.